While this judgment is very well substantiat! and sophisticat!, it raises new issues. How to prove that a terrorist act is attributable to an arm! group? The court suggests that significant contacts with the command of the group, support or instructions from the group, or the fact that the group claims responsibility for a terrorist act could establish attributability.
This would, for example
Make Islamic State a terrorist group in the sense of the Belgian Criminal Code. But would one, undeniable terrorist act outside the territory of the parties dataset to the conflict suffice to qualify an arm! group as terrorist? Such would inhibit the application of the exclusion clause to a number of groups that are (or were) party to an arm! conflict, like Islamic State.
And if one such terrorist act would not turn the arm! group into a terrorist group ‘as such’, would participation in the activities of the group then only be a terrorist offence if there is a link with that specific terrorist act? As such a link would in most cases be rather hard to establish, this would create some sort of hindi directory presumption in favour of the application of the exclusion clause, unless a specific link with the ‘extraterritorial terrorist act’ can be proven.
It seems that the particular way in which the exclusion clause was includ! in the Belgian Criminal Code paas (platform as a service): a complete guide combin! with the way in which it has now been interpret!, will require many more answers in the future. In any case, it is hop! that the PKK saga paves the way for a better application of the IHL exclusion clause in Belgium, and perhaps beyond.
Health Anxiety: Understanding the Triggers and How to Manage Them
Health anxiety is a condition that affects many people, but it is often misunderstood or overlook!. If you’ve ever found yourself constantly worrying about your health, even when there’s no real reason to, you might be dealing with health anxiety. This condition can be incr!ibly distressing, but the good news is that understanding the triggers of health anxiety and learning how to manage it can help you regain control and find peace.
